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RP FLIP
R/P ''FLIP'' (''FL''oating ''I''nstrument ''P''latform) is an open ocean research platform〔〔 owned by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) and operated by the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL) of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.〔 The platform is long and is designed to partially flood and pitch backward 90°, resulting in only the front of the platform pointing up out of the water, with bulkheads becoming decks. When flipped, most of the buoyancy for the platform is provided by water at depths below the influence of surface waves, hence ''FLIP'' is stable and mostly immune to wave action similar to a spar buoy. At the end of a mission, compressed air is pumped into the ballast tanks in the flooded section and the platform, which has no propulsion, returns to its horizontal position so it can be towed to a new location.〔 The platform is frequently mistaken for a capsized ocean transport ship.〔
==History==
The Marine Physical Laboratory of Scripps Institution of Oceanography created ''FLIP'' with funding from the Office of Naval Research and the assistance of the commercial naval architecture firm The Glosten Associates.〔 ''FLIP'' was originally built to support research into the fine-scale phase and amplitude fluctuations in undersea sound waves caused by thermal gradients and sloping ocean bottoms. This acoustic research was conducted as a portion of the Navy's SUBROC program. Development started in January 1960 after a conversation between MPL researcher Frederick H. Fisher and MPL Director Fred N. Spiess about stability problems Fisher was encountering when using the submarine as a research platform. Spiess recalled a suggestion from Allyn Vine that upending a ship might make it more stable, based on Vine's observation of a Navy mop floating in waves. Fisher was subsequently assigned to work on the feasibility and later development of such a vessel. The Gunderson Brothers Engineering Company in Portland, Oregon, launched ''FLIP'' on 22 June 1962. In 1995, ''FLIP'' received a modernization.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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